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Around million people use it as their first language. Many more people can also understand it as a second language.

It is written with the Arabic alphabet , which is written from right to left, like Hebrew. Since it is so widely spoken throughout the world, it is one of the six official languages of the UN , the others being English , French , Spanish , Russian and Chinese.

Many countries speak Arabic as an official language, but not all of them speak it the same way. Some of the dialects are so different from one another that speakers have a hard time understanding the other.

Most of the countries that use Arabic as their official language are in the Middle East. They are part of the Arab World because the largest religion in the region is Islam.

Clusters containing more than two consonants do not occur in the language. Arabic shows the fullest development of typical Semitic word structure.

An Arabic word is composed of two parts: 1 the root, which generally consists of three consonants and provides the basic lexical meaning of the word, and 2 the pattern, which consists of vowels and gives grammatical meaning to the word.

Verbs in Arabic are regular in conjugation. There are two tenses: the perfect, formed by the addition of suffixes, which is often used to express past time; and the imperfect, formed by the addition of prefixes and sometimes containing suffixes indicating number and gender, which is often used for expressing present or future time.

In addition to the two tenses, there are imperative forms, an active participle, a passive participle, and a verbal noun.

Verbs are inflected for three persons, three numbers singular, dual, plural , and two genders. In Classical Arabic there is no dual form and no gender differentiation in the first person, and the modern dialects have lost all dual forms.

The Classical language also has forms for the passive voice. There are three cases nominative, genitive, and accusative in the declensional system of Classical Arabic nouns; however, nouns are no longer declined in the modern dialects.

The Aramaic language has fewer consonants than Arabic, so during the 7th century new Arabic letters were created by adding dots to existing letters in order to avoid ambiguities.

Further diacritics indicating short vowels were introduced, but are only generally used to ensure the Qur'an was read aloud without mistakes.

Each Arabic speaking country or region also has its own variety of colloquial spoken Arabic. These colloquial varieties of Arabic appear in written form in some poetry, cartoons and comics, plays and personal letters.

There are also translations of the bible into most varieties of colloquial Arabic. Arabic has also been written with the Hebrew , Syriac and Latin scripts.

The transliteration of consonants used above is the ISO version of There are various other ways of transliterating Arabic.

When chatting online some Arabic speakers write in the Latin alphabet use the following letters:. The early Arabs of the Arabian Peninsula were predominantly nomadic pastoralists who herded their sheep, goats, and camels through the harsh desert environment.

Settled Arabs practiced date and cereal agriculture in the oases, which also served as trade centres for the caravans transporting the spices, ivory, and gold of southern Arabia and the Horn of Africa to the civilizations farther north.

The distinction between the desert nomads, on the one hand, and town dwellers and agriculturists, on the other, still pervades much of the Arab world.

Islam , which developed in the west-central Arabian Peninsula in the early 7th century ce , was the religious force that united the desert subsistence nomads—the Bedouin s—with the town dwellers of the oases.

Within a century, Islam had spread throughout most of the present-day Arabic-speaking world and beyond, from Central Asia to the Iberian Peninsula.

Arabs of today, however, are not exclusively Muslim; approximately 5 percent of the native speakers of Arabic worldwide are Christians, Druzes, Jews, or animists.

Traditional Arab values were modified in the 20th century by the pressures of urbanization, industrialization, detribalization, and Western influence.

Nearly half of Muslim Arabs live in cities and towns, where family and tribal ties tend to break down, where women, as well as men, have greater educational and employment opportunity, and where the newly emerging middle class of technicians, professionals, and bureaucrats has gained influence.

The majority of Arabs continue to live in small, isolated farming villages, where traditional values and occupations prevail, including the subservience and home seclusion purdah of women.

Nationalism and the change in standards of living that have been made possible by the expanded oil industry, however, have radically altered the nomadic life.